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Carl Trumbull Hayden (October 2, 1877 – January 25, 1972) was an American politician and the first United States Senator to serve seven terms. Serving as Arizona's first Representative for eight terms before entering the Senate, Hayden set the record for longest-serving member of the United States Congress more than a decade before his retirement from politics. The longtime Dean of the United States Senate served as its president pro tempore and chairman of both its Rules and Administration and Appropriations committees. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Having earned a reputation as a reclamation expert early in his congressional career,〔August pp. 45〕 Hayden consistently backed legislation dealing with public lands, mining, reclamation, and other projects affecting the Western United States. In addition, he played a key role in creating the funding formula for the federal highway system.〔"Carl T. Hayden is Dead at 94; Arizonan in Congress 56 years", ''New York Times'', January 26, 1972, pp. 40.〕 President John F. Kennedy said of Hayden, "Every Federal program which has contributed to the development of the West—irrigation, power, reclamation—bears his mark, and the great Federal highway program which binds this country, together, which permits this State to be competitive east and west, north and south, this in large measure is his creation."〔Kennedy, John F. (November 17, 1961). (Remarks in Phoenix at the 50th Anniversary Dinner Honoring Senator Hayden ). ''The American Presidency Project''. John Woolley and Gerhard Peters. Retrieved on 2007-05-28.〕 Known as the "Silent Senator", Hayden rarely spoke on the Senate floor. Instead his influence came from committee meetings and Senate cloakroom discussions where his comments were given a respect comparable to canon law.〔Phillips, Cabell. "Dozen Key Men in Congress", ''New York Times'', January 3, 1960, pp. SM6.〕 A colleague said of him, "No man in Senate history has wielded more influence with less oratory,"〔Phillips, Cabell. "Cannon vs. Hayden: A Clash of Elderly Power Personalities in Congress", ''New York Times'', June 25, 1962, pp. 17.〕 while the ''Los Angeles Times'' wrote that Hayden had "assisted so many projects for so many senators that when old Carl wants something for his beloved Arizona, his fellow senators fall all over themselves giving him a hand. They'd probably vote landlocked Arizona a navy if he asked for it."〔Cohen, Jerry. "Carl Hayden—Man of History and Few Words", ''Los Angeles Times'', April 18, 1971, pp. A1,4-5.〕 ==Background== Hayden was born to Charles Trumbull Hayden and Sallie Calvert Davis on October 2, 1877, in Hayden's Ferry, Arizona Territory (renamed Tempe in 1878). Charles Hayden was a Connecticut-born merchant and freight operator who had moved west due to a lung ailment and homesteaded a claim on the south bank of the Salt River. Charles Hayden had also served as a probate judge and, following Grover Cleveland's 1884 election, had been considered for the territorial governorship. Sallie Davis was an Arkansas-born schoolteacher who served as vice president of the Arizona Territorial Suffrage Association during the 1890s. Following the birth of their son, Charles and Sallie Hayden had three daughters: Sarah (called Sallie), Anna, and Mary (called Mapes). Anna died unexpectedly at two-and-one-half years of age. The Hayden family operated a variety of business interests including a ferry service, a gristmill, a general store, and agricultural interests. While he was growing up, Hayden's family took several trips including journeys to Washington D.C. and the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. To these, Hayden added several solo trips including a horseback trip to the Grand Canyon and a trip to Mexico City when he was fourteen.〔August pp. 16, 20〕〔Rice pp. 17-19, 33-34〕 Hayden attended Tempe's Eighth Street School and Arizona Territorial Normal School (now Arizona State University). After his graduation from normal school in June 1896 he was enrolled at Stanford University where he studied economics, history, language, and philosophy with an interest in attending law school after graduation. While at Stanford, he was sophomore class president and participated in debate, fiction writing, football, and track. During his junior year, Hayden suffered his only election defeat when he narrowly lost the race for student body president. He attributed his loss to overconfidence and learned to "always run scared" in future elections.〔August pp. 24-25〕〔Rice pp. 21,27-28〕 Hayden met his future wife, Nan Downing, while at Stanford. The couple married on February 14, 1908 and produced no children.〔Johnson pp. 152〕 One semester from graduation, in December 1899, Hayden was forced to drop out of school when his father became ill. Charles Hayden died on February 5, 1900, leaving his son with responsibility for the family and control of the family business interests. Hayden sold the mercantile business to pay off outstanding debts and then rented most of the family's properties to provide an income that allowed him to move his mother and sisters to Palo Alto, California where his sisters could attend college.〔August pp. 25-26〕 In the fall of 1903, he enlisted in Arizona Territorial National Guard and was elected captain within two months.〔Rice pp. 170〕〔August pp. 32〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carl Hayden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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